|
|
The phenomenon of hybrid activities of state and non-state actors
Havlík, Martin ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
The rigorous thesis deals with the issue of hybrid action of state and non-state actors using a wide range of tools of power to promote their own interests. The primary intention is to relate the content to the concept of security according to the Copenhagen school, which was one of the most important in the second half of the 20th century after the collapse of the bipolar world order to expand the dimensions of security. The definition of the main concepts of security is further extended by Clausewitz's concept of war and the American concept of Theory of Victory. The introductory theories are followed by an analysis of key theoretical apparatuses of important Western, Russian and Chinese security experts, which are then compared in relation to the essential factors of individual hybrid approaches. The work further describes in detail the significant categories of tools such as soft power, hard power, smart power and sharp power. An important part of the work is also the analysis of state, non-state and proxy-state actors, as the main carriers, users and representatives of hybrid action. In this context, the key determinant is the chosen reference object in the form of the Czech Republic. To complement the issue, the work also includes the related area of facing hybrid threats and hybrid action...
|
|
|
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of migration to the Czech Republic
Poláková, Michaela ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bureš, Oldřich (referee)
The thesis is dealing with investigating the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the perception of migration to the Czech Republic through the lens of theory of securitization. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic meant a worldwide milestone in the development of all areas of ordinary, day-to-day life. All these areas were suspended with immediate effect in order to stop the spread of the virus, and migration was no exception in this scenario. After declaring the state of emergency in the Czech Republic due to health hazards in connection to the spread of the novel coronavirus in March 2020, foreigners were subsequently banned from entering the country, and all migration processes were suspended indefinitely. The project operates with a hypothesis that migration in the Czech Republic has been securitized through the implemented restrictions, goal of which was to limit the spread of the infection in the name of protection of public health. The thesis analyses changes in the perception of migration in comparison to the situation prior to the pandemic, steps of the Czech government towards migration and its perception. The goal of this thesis is to outline the changes in the perception of migration due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to describe how these changes influenced further...
|
|
|
Social Inequality as a threat - Securitization with reference to Šluknovsko events
Dederová, Nelly ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Social inequality as a threat - Securitization with reference to Šluknovsko events Bc. Nelly Dederová Master's thesis Social inequality as a threat - Securitization with reference to Šluknovsko events deals with construction of so called "problem" of Šluknov region in connection to Šluknovsko events (two physical clashes in towns Nový Bor and Rumburk which happened in August 2011 and following series of protests, demonstrations and rallies which were lingering in Šluknov region towns until 2012), using theory of securitization made by Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde, who are representatives of Copenhagen school of security studies. The fact that participants of political and security discourse were referring to Šluknovsko events using securitization language (marking specific referent object as endangered, proposing exceptional measures and demanding their legitimized adoption) represents author's underlying premise.
|
|
|
Italian political discourse and securitization of imigration: the case of revolutions on Maghreb in 2011
Kaleta, Ondřej ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Šánová, Lucie (referee)
The master thesis titled Italian Political Discourse and Securitization of Immigration: the Case of the Maghreb revolutions in 2011 deals with the issue of mass immigration waves reaching Italian shores and, in particular, the tiny island of Lampedusa during the initial phase of the so called Arab Spring. Its main goal lies in reconstruction and interpretation of the political discourse led by Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right government presenting the immigration crisis as a serious threat to national and potentially to European security. The first part introduces the general theoretical framework. The securitization theory of the Copenhagen School was used as an instrument for the thesis, including major criticism raised by the authors belonging to the social constructivist approach. In the second part, the author tries to characterize the basic historical and political context and clarifies the specifics of immigration in contemporary Italy. The last segment contains structuralized discourse analysis of the 2011 events and explores the extraordinary measures adopted and implemented in reaction to the government rhetoric at both the national and supranational levels. In this respect, the author pays special attention to how the process of negotiations finally led to the revision of the EU...
|
|
|
Border securitisation and surveillance legitimacy
Hurtík, Ondřej ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Riegl, Martin (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to explore the impact of securitization and securitization discourse on the process of transformation of the approach towards the borders, their function and towards their importance. Terrorist attacks from September 11. dramatically changed the US-Canada border as well as the whole cross-border dynamics between both states. From undefended border the Canada-Unites States border became heavily fortified and it underwent an increase of border patrols, surveillance techniques and various security measures. This change was possible because of the creation of securitization discourse and the purpose of this thesis is the analyse its creation and development and to examine the progress of the securitization itself. The thesis is based on the theory of securitization which was created by the authors of Copenhagen School, but because of the fact that the original securitization theory became the subject to criticism, the theoretical framework of the thesis is provided by Thierry Balzacq, who put an emphasis on the context and on the complexity of the analysis. Discursive analysis takes place between the September 11. attacks and the end of the year 2005 and is focused on policy statements, political decisions and relevant speech acts. Second part of the thesis addresses...
|
|
|
Securitising Nuclear Energy: Analysis of speech acts related to the possible construction of a new reactor at the existing Dukovany Nuclear Power Station
Dytrych, Simon ; Holubcová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This Master's thesis dealt with securitization attempts related to the planned construction of a new reactor at the Dukovany NPP. Therefore, its aim was to find, analyse and explain securitization speech acts associated with the planned reactor, in the period from summer 2015 to December 2020 using the critical discourse analysis approach. The results show that securitization speech acts of this kind do appear in the Czech public sphere and are articulated mainly by four groups of actors: representatives of Austria, Czech environmental NGOs, Czech governmental representatives, and Czech political opposition. These actors have different goals: to stop the construction of the reactor, to implement the construction of the reactor, or to influence the way in which the construction will be implemented. One case of successful securitization was found in the outcome: The Czech government was able to enforce extraordinary measures that deviated from standard democratic processes using security-based arguments. Their goal was to implement the construction of the reactor. It remains to add that the research also revealed three important functional actors who co-created the discourse: the BIS secret service, the SÚJB nuclear safety office and the company ČEZ.
|
|
|
Drogové kartely v Mexiku jako bezpečnostní hrozba pro stát
Amler, Patrik
The topic of the thesis are the activities of drug cartels in Mexico, which can act as a threat to the state. To assess the severity of threats was used the concept of security offered by representatives of the Copenhagen School. They divide security into five sectors and allow us to do a deeper analysis. This is a case study where a few cases are examined in depth. The main objective is therefore to assess whether the activity of Mexican drug cartels is an objective threat to the state. As part of our work, we set a secondary goal. It consists in comparison the approaches of former Mexico presidents Felipe Calderón and Enrique Peña Nieta in the context of the fight against drug cartels. We will therefore concentrate on common but also different features in the respective policies of both actors.
|
|
|
Securitization of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, 2000-2018
Roudnická, Zuzana ; Werkman, Kateřina (advisor) ; Svitková, Katarína (referee)
HIV/AIDS is for many decades one of the major global health issues. It has, therefore, attracted attention of scholars from different fields of study, including security studies. This Master's Thesis seeks to contribute to debates surrounding the issue of securitizing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The main aim of this thesis is to apply the Copenhagen School's theoretical framework on the case of HIV/AIDS, evaluate the possibility of explaining the international reaction to the pandemic through securitization, and assess whether or not the HIV/AIDS was successfully securitized in South Africa, mainly through effort of the relevant international actors. The case of the Republic of South Africa was chosen because it is one of the worst affected countries by the disease in the world. After discussing the Copenhagen School's securitization theory and its critics, the origins, progression and nature of the disease is explained. The thesis then proceeds with the description and examination of the current state of the epidemic in South Africa as well as the negative influence the segregation and apartheid policy had on the perception of the disease and its spread. The thesis looks at possible securitizing actors of the issue and analysis their discourse in the search for securitizing moves associated with...
|
|
|
Israel and the BDS Movement in the Context of Securitization Theory
Mangunda, Laura ; Záhora, Jakub (advisor) ; Daniel, Jan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis examines the case study of Israel's treatment of the BDS movement through the lens of securitization theory, specifically the political sector of security. Following the new developments of the theory that focus on the contextual approach to security and on the non-exceptional security measures as determinants of successful securitization, this thesis has two objectives. First, in consideration of the contextual approach to security, it seeks to analyse how the securitizing actors securitized BDS in the chosen speeches of Benjamin Netanyahu, Gilad Erdan and Danny Danon. Second, in consideration of non-exceptional security measures, it seeks to offer an overview of adopted anti-BDS measures in order to evaluate whether the securitization of the boycott movement in Israel has been successful.
|
|
|
Reconceptualizing Securitization Theory: A Case Study of the United Kingdom's Securitization of Libya in 2011
Voda, Matěj ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Váška, Jan (referee)
The first aim of this thesis is to describe the steps from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which led to the passing of the resolution 1973 and the subsequent military intervention in Libya in 2011. The theoretical framework is securitization theory. The second aim of this thesis is grounded in the theory and tries to highlight the importance of the concept of audience in the securitization framework. In order to achieve this goal, securitization theory is introduced; its limitations described and subsequently reconceptualized to better suit the research question. The theory is then applied on a case study of the securitizing discourse, preceding the intervention from 15th of February until 21st of March 2011. These events are described from the perspective of the United Kingdom, which together with the general overview corresponds with the hypothesis that the Cameron administration was a securitizing actor towards both national and international audience. Consequently, the analysis shows that the securitizing discourses differed based on the relevant audience. Although human security and democratic aspirations were the main referent objects in both discourses, protection of national security as a referent object was specific only to the national audience. In addition, Gaddafi regime was the...
|
guest ::
